There's currently a major bug in Windows Defender, the free antivirus software that ships with Windows 10.
Running a Quick or Full scan will fail after a few seconds and only go through a handful of files, resulting in incomplete, superficial results. Such scans are usually known to take tens of minutes, and even hours.
The issue has been widely reported over the past two days on the Microsoft tech support forums [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], Reddit [1, 2, 3, 4], and tech support sites like AskWoody[1], DeskModder[2], BornCity[3], and Bleeping Computer[4].
The bug impacts Windows Defender version 4.18.1908.7 and later, released earlier this week. The bug was introduced while Microsoft tried to fix another bug introduced with the July 2019 Patch Tuesday.
Per reports[5], the original bug broke "sfc /scannow," a command part of the Windows System File Checker utility that lets Windows users scan and fix corrupted files.
After the July Patch Tuesday this utility started flagging some of Windows Defender's internal modules as corrupted, resulting in incorrect error messages that fooled admins into believing there was something wrong with their Windows Defender installation, and its updates.
Microsoft announced a fix[6] for the System File Checker bug in August, but the actual patch was delayed. When the fix arrived earlier this week, it didn't yield the expected results.
Furthermore, the issue doesn't appear to impact Windows Defender on Windows 10, but also all other Windows versions where Windows Defender ships. The same bug has also been reported with